Telling our story — Case study of the Cherokee Nation Cultural Tourism initiative

This is a case study of the Cherokee Nation Cultural Tourism initiative: planning began in 2005 and development began in 2008. This initiative resulted from the perceived need to create local employment, provide incentives to continue the culture and language of the Cherokee people, develop social and political good will in and outside of the Cherokee Nation area, enhance the brand of Cherokee Nation gaming and develop long term capacity in entertainment marketing. The opportunities identified included stimulating and reaching higher end Cherokee art and crafts market, encouraging development of more culturally authentic and fine Cherokee arts and craft, offering incentives to use and teach the Cherokee language, supporting and expanding small Cherokee businesses such as art studios, restaurants, bed and breakfasts, travel tours, and environmental tours, renovating of historic buildings, providing Cherokee educational experience to visitors, developing a clearer understanding and appreciation of Cherokee history and culture for both Cherokees and non-Cherokees, and accruing social and political capital by teaching the larger community and population about the value and contribution of the Cherokee Nation and people. Cultural tourism designed and executed by the Cherokee Nation is an opportunity to achieve a vision to increase the quality of life for Cherokees, their neighbors and the progeny of the entire Cherokee Nation

SEXUAL CONFLICT AND DENSITY DEPENDENCE IN THE WESTERN MOSQUITOFISH, GAMBUSIA AFFINIS (POECILIIDAE)

Sexual conflict occurs when individuals of one sex express traits that reduce the fitness of their mates. Males of many species harass females to gain copulations, which benefits males by increasing the number of offspring they sire but imposes energetic and opportunity costs on the females they harass. This thesis examined the fitness costs of sexual harassment to females, the energetic costs of mating to males, and the factors influencing the intensity of male competition for mates in the western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis. I quantified male and female behavior, four female fitness components (number of offspring per female, embryo number, growth, and survival), and an index of male body condition in response to changes in operational sex ratio (experiment 1) and male and female density (experiment 2). I found that a strong, negative effect of female density on female fitness overwhelmed any potential costs of male harassment, suggesting that ecological interactions between females may play a larger role in determining female fitness than conflict between the sexes. Agonistic chases and displays between males increased as the operational sex ratio increased (became male-biased), while the number of copulations males attempted decreased. This inverse relationship suggests a tradeoff between interfering with other males and attempting additional copulations with females. Increases in chases between males were largely due to changes in female density, but not male density, suggesting that the availability of females determines whether males escalate contests with other males. In contrast, the number of displays between males depended varied with male density but did not female density. This difference between chases and displays is likely due to their difference in function; chases are performed to prevent other males from mating while displays are used to assess male competitors. I did not detect any energetic cost of mating to males

Auxin Herbicide Effects on Glyphosate Efficacy and Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum) Yield

Field, greenhouse and laboratory experiments were implemented to investigate the effects of auxin herbicides on growth and yield of cotton in glyphosate based systems. Field experiments evaluated the effect of rate and timing of dicamba or 2,4-D exposure when applied in glyphosate-resistant cotton. Increasing rates of either dicamba or 2,4-D resulted in increased injury and yield reductions. Initial injury symptomology was similar for cotton exposed at vegetative and reproductive stages. When cotton was exposed to auxin herbicides during vegetative growth, injury increased with time, while foliar injury during reproductive growth was stagnant and often decreased with time. Subsequently, the strongest correlations to yield loss and injury were from later evaluations of vegetative timings. Recovery from injury due to auxin herbicide exposure was dependent upon favorable environmental conditions; however, recovery was often superficial and masked significant yield loss. Greenhouse studies evaluated the impact of the diglycolamine dicamba salt on the movement of 14C radio-labeled potassium salt glyphosate in barnyardgrass and johnsongrass. Increasing glyphosate rate increased total absorption of glyphosate in both species. Total absorption of glyphosate was not impacted by the presence of dicamba, for either johnsongrass or barnyardgrass. Dicamba did not consistently alter the translocation of glyphosate in johnsongrass; however, dicamba did reduce glyphosate translocation in barnyardgrass. Total amount of translocated glyphosate was 2.6 to 4.6% and 3.8 to 6.8% of applied in barnyardgrass and johnsongrass, respectively. Reduced translocation in barnyardgrass was a result of increased glyphosate accumulation in the distal portion of the treated leaf. Increasing the rate of glyphosate did overcome the dicamba induced antagonism; however, altered translocation of glyphosate has been documented to be a precursor to herbicide resistance

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationPostactivation potentiation (PAP) warm-ups have been proposed as a method for enhancing power. Few researchers have investigated the effects of PAP warm-ups on sprinting performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a PAP warm-up using sled resistance sprinting at different loads on subsequent unloaded sprints. Twenty-four well-trained, anaerobically fit men and women, ages 18-28, participated in this study. They were assessed on vertical jump, cycling power, and body composition, and later, pretested in the 40 yd sprint on 4 nonconsecutive days prior to conducting a PAP warm-up that included a resistance sprint of either 0, 10, 20, or 30% of their respective body weight. Each resistance sprint was recorded for kinematic analysis. At the end of each PAP warm-up, a post-40 yd dash time was recorded. A 2 x 2 x 4 factorial mixed ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between genders in 40 yd dash times (p < .001). A significant main effect difference was found in pre-and post-40 yd dash measures regardless of gender (p < .001). The results indicated that for the four resistance sled warm-ups tested, there were no significant differences in the post-40 yd dash times between loads, and the load by time interaction was not significant. The participants' 40 yd dash times improved 1.2% on average after the 10% load; for the unresisted sprint (0% load), and the 20% and 30% loads, the improvements were greater than 2% on average. Analyses of sprint kinematics demonstrated statistically significant differences in forward lean, hip flexion, and shoulder flexion between lighter and heavier loads ( all p's < .05). iv Even after significant disruptions in sprint mechanics, there appears to be a potential for heavier sled resistances to bring about acute improvements in 40 yd sprint performance; more so than 10% load. However, it may not be of greater benefit than warming up with 0% resistance. A replication of this study is needed, which includes but is not limited to: variations in sled load, recovery time, and additional interventions such as a PAP warm-up using squats, and a passive warm-up

Importing extended producer responsibility for electronic equipment into the United States

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a policy approach that holds manufacturers accountable for the full costs of their products at every stage in their life cycle. EPR typically involves requiring that producers take back their products at the end of their useful lives, or pay a recycling contractor to do so, thereby internalizing the costs of recycling or disposal in a manufacturer’s bottom line. When companies know that they will bear the costs of product return and recycling, they are more likely to redesign their products for easier and safer handling at each step in the life cycle. This approach “enforces a design strategy that takes into account the upstream environmental impacts inherent in the selection, mining and extraction of materials, the health and environmental impacts to workers and surrounding communities during the production process itself, and downstream impacts during use, recycling and disposal of the products” (EPR Working Group 2003, 2). In short, by requiring a company to take its products back, EPR aims to force the company to make the products cleaner in the first place. The idea of applying EPR policy to electronics arrived in the United States in the 1990s as a welcome import from Europe. This chapter traces EPR’s adoption by coalitions of U.S. environmental, labor, and health activists seeking a comprehensive policy solution to the health and safety threats posed by the high-technology industry’s internationalization

Weed management and nitrogen loss in glyphosate-resistant corn (Zea mays)

The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file.Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on January 22, 2010).Thesis advisor: Dr. Reid J. Smeda.M.S. University of Missouri--Columbia 2009.The advent of glyphosate-resistant corn in Missouri has changed traditional reemergence (PRE) followed by postemeregence (POST) herbicide programs to ones that predominately utilize glyphosate POST. POST only programs can allow early season weed competition. The objective was to determine the efficacy of one and two-pass programs using PRE and POST herbicides in glyphosate-resistant corn and to quantitate the nitrogen loss from various application timings in POST glyphosate weed control. The first study composed of one-pass and two-pass herbicide weed control programs. Weed control failures occurred 29% more often using one-pass systems compared to two-pass programs utilizing PREs and yield reductions occurred more often in one-pass systems. Overall, two-pass systems which included the use of a PRE herbicide resulted in more consistent weed control across all species than one-pass POST treatments. The second study consisted of PRE herbicide treatments to favor grass, broadleaf, or mixed weed populations at multiple glyphosate application timings. To document nitrogen loss, weed biomass, leaf chlorophyll meter readings, and stalk nitrate testing was measured. Grass weeds were more detrimental to yield than broadleaf weeds. Chlorophyll meter readings documented nitrogen deficiency between treatments. Corn leaf chlorophyll meter readings taken at tasseling correlated strongly to the resultant grain yield (R2 [greater than or equal to] .84). Higher year-end stalk nitrate accumulations were reflective of higher grain yield.Includes bibliographical references

Effects of Foam Rolling on Range of Motion and Vertical Jump Height

Static stretching has been shown to elicit an acute improvement in range of motion (ROM) in both the contralateral and ipsilateral limb. However, static stretching has also been shown to impair performance. Foam rolling has been used in clinical settings as well as by the general population to increase ROM without impairing performance. To date, there is limited research evaluating the effect of foam rolling on the contralateral limb. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of foam rolling on ROM and single-leg drop jump performance in the foam rolled and non-foam rolled legs. The results of this study may help to understand the mechanism through which foam rolling can improve ROM

The Value Driven Pharmacist: Basics of Access, Cost, and Quality 2nd Edition

https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/butlerbooks/1017/thumbnail.jp